Caspase 3 活性检测试剂盒

 产品编号: C1115
 产品包装: 20次
 产品价格: 496.00元
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产品简介

产品简介:

产品编号 产品名称 产品包装 产品价格
C1115 Caspase 3 活性检测试剂盒 20次 496.00元

    Caspase 3活性检测试剂盒(Caspase 3 Activity Assay Kit)是采用分光光度法检测细胞或组织裂解液
caspase 3酶活性或纯化的caspase 3酶活性的试剂盒。
    Caspase(Cysteine-requiring Aspartate Protease)是一个在细胞凋亡过程中起重要作用的蛋白酶家族。
Caspase 3也称CPP32、Yama或apopain,有时被写作caspase-3或caspase 3,属于caspase家族的CED-3亚
家族(CED-3 subfamily)
,是细胞凋亡过程中的一个关键酶。Caspase 3是哺乳动物细胞中研究最多的一
caspaseCaspase 3可以剪切procaspase 3、6、7和9,并可以直接特异性剪切许多caspase底物,包括
PARP(poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase),ICAD(Inhibitor of caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease),gelsolin和
fodrin等。这些由caspase 3介导的蛋白剪切是细胞凋亡分子机制的重要组成部分。另外,caspase 3在细胞
核凋亡过程中也起到了关键作用,包括染色质固缩(chromatin condensention),DNA片段化(DNA fragme
ntation)
等。同时caspase 3对细胞起泡(cell blebbing)也起到关键作用。
    本Caspase 3活性检测试剂盒是基于caspase 3可以催化底物Ac-DEVD-pNA(acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-
Asp p-nitroanilide)产生黄色的pNA(p-nitroaniline),从而可以通过测定吸光度来检测caspase 3的活性。pNA在405nm附近有强吸收。
    试剂盒中提供了caspase 3催化产生的黄色产物pNA,可以作为定量caspase 3酶活性的标准品。
    本试剂盒用酶标仪检测或容量不超过100μl的分光光度检测杯检测时,除标准曲线外可以检测20
样品。
包装清单:

产品编号

产品名称

包装

C1115-1

裂解液

8ml

C1115-2

检测缓冲液

8ml

C1115-3

Ac-DEVD-pNA(2mM)

200μl

C1115-4

pNA(10mM)

200μl

说明书

1份

保存条件:
    -20℃保存,Ac-DEVD-pNA和pNA需避光保存。
注意事项:
    须自备可以测定A405或A400的酶标仪或容量不超过100μl的分光光度检测杯及相应分光光度计。优
先考虑测定A405,如有困难可以测定A400
    Ac-YVAD-pNA需尽量避免反复冻融,请注意适当分装。
    测定蛋白浓度需Bradford蛋白浓度测定试剂盒(P0006),可向碧云天订购。建议样品用水稀释1倍后
再用Bradford法测定蛋白浓度,以降低DTT对蛋白浓度测定的干扰。
    有文献报道少数类型的细胞凋亡检测不到caspase 3的激活。
    pNA(中文名为4-硝基苯胺)有毒,请注意小心防护。pNA(10mM)在4℃、冰浴等较低温度情况下会凝
固而粘在离心管管底、管壁或管盖内,可以20-25℃水浴温育片刻至全部融解后使用。
    本试剂盒的裂解液可以和碧云天生产的其它caspase活性检测试剂盒的裂解液通用,即本试剂盒裂
解液制备的蛋白样品可以用于碧云天其它caspase活性检测试剂盒的检测。
    本产品仅限于专业人员的科学研究用,不得用于临床诊断或治疗,不得用于食品或药品,不得存放
于普通住宅内。
    为了您的安全和健康,请穿实验服并戴一次性手套操作。

使用说明

使用说明:
1.准备工作:
  a.裂解液溶解后混匀并置于冰浴上备用。
  b.检测缓冲液溶解后混匀并置于冰浴上备用。
2.测定pNA标准曲线:
  a.标准品稀释液的配制:按照每0.9ml检测缓冲液加入0.1ml裂解液的比例配制适量的标准品稀释
    液。
  b.把试剂盒提供的pNA (10mM)用标准品稀释液稀释为0、10、20、50、100和200μM,作为标准
    品。
  c.每个浓度取100μl用酶标仪进行检测,或取适当量用容量不超过100μl的分光光度检测杯进行检
    测,测定A405
  d.每一个标准品的A405减去不含pNA的空白对照的A405计算出实际的因pNA而导致的吸光度,并制
    作出pNA浓度相对于A405的标准曲线。pNA标准曲线可以参考图1,在0-200μM范围内存在良好的
    线性关系。
                   
    图1.pNA标准曲线。实测数据可能因实验条件、检测仪器等的不同而存在差异,图中数据仅供参
    考。
3.样品的收集:
  a.对于悬浮细胞:把没有诱导凋亡的对照样品和诱导凋亡的样品,600g 4℃离心5分钟收集细胞,
    小心吸除上清,同时确保尽量没有细胞被吸除,PBS洗涤一次。同前吸尽上清后,按照每200万细
    胞加入100微升裂解液的比例加入裂解液,重悬沉淀,冰浴裂解15分钟。下转步骤3d
  b.对于贴壁细胞:吸取细胞培养液,备用。用胰酶消化贴壁细胞,并收集至备用的细胞培养液中。
    600g 4℃离心5分钟收集细胞,小心吸除上清,同时确保尽量没有细胞被吸除,PBS洗涤一次。同
    前吸尽上清后,按照每200万细胞加入100微升裂解液的比例加入裂解液,重悬沉淀,冰浴裂解15
    分钟。下转步骤3d
  c.对于组织样品:按照每3-10mg组织加入100微升裂解液的比例加入裂解液,在冰浴上用玻璃匀浆
    器匀浆。然后把匀浆液转移到1.5ml离心管中,冰浴再裂解5分钟。
  d.416,000-20,000g离心10-15分钟。
  e.把上清转移到冰浴预冷的离心管中。
  f.立即测定caspase 3的酶活性或-70℃保存样品。同时可以取少量样品用Bradford法测定蛋白浓
    度,尽量使蛋白浓度达到1-3mg/ml,相当于每10微升待测样品中至少含有10-30μg蛋白。如果细胞
    较小,可以适当增加细胞的用量。
4.Caspase 3酶活性的检测:
  a.取出适量的Ac-DEVD-pNA(2mM),置于冰浴上备用。
  b.如下设置反应体系:

 

空白对照

样品

检测缓冲液

40μl

40μl

待测样品

0μl

50μl

裂解液

50μl

0μl

Ac-DEVD-pNA(2mM)

10μl

10μl

总体积

100μl

100μl

    注意:在设置反应体系时先加检测缓冲液,再加待测样品,适当混匀,注意避免在混匀时产生气
     泡。随后再加入10μl Ac-DEVD-pNA(2mM)
  c.加入Ac-DEVD-pNA(2mM)后混匀,注意避免在混匀时产生气泡。37℃孵育60-120分钟。发现颜色
    变化比较明显时即可测定A405。如果颜色变化不明显,可以适当延长孵育时间,甚至可以孵育
    过夜。
  d.样品的A405扣除空白对照的A405,即为样品中caspase 3催化产生的pNA产生的吸光度。通过同步
    骤1中获得的标准曲线的对比就可以计算出样品中催化产生了多少量的pNA
  e.参考Chemicon公司的caspase 3酶活力单位的定义:One unit is the amount of enzyme that
    will cleave 1.0nmol of the colorimetric substrate Ac-DEVD-pNA per hour at 37℃ under
    saturated substrate concentrations。即一个酶活力单位定义为当底物饱和时,在37℃一个小
    时内可以剪切1nmol Ac-DEVD-pNA产生1nmol pNA的caspase 3的酶量。这样就可以计算出样品中
    含有多少个酶活力单位的caspase 3。说明:在本试剂盒的检测体系中,底物的起始浓度为
    0.2mM,此时底物是饱和的,对于许多样品而言在37℃孵育2个小时以内底物都是饱和的;对于样
    品中caspase 3酶活力特别高的情况,须用裂解液适当稀释样品后再进行测定。
  f.用Bradford法检测待测样品中的蛋白浓度(由于裂解液中含有较高浓度的DTT,不适合采用BCA
    进行蛋白浓度测定)。这样就可以计算出一个样品单位重量蛋白中所含的caspase 3的酶活力单位。

常见问题:
1.测定出的A405过低:
  a.样品中蛋白含量太低,裂解样品时需设法使样品中的蛋白浓度至少达到1-3mg/ml。
  b.样品中激活的caspase水平很低。首先确认凋亡现象是否明显,如果凋亡比较明显并且确认该
    caspase是可以被激活的,可以适当调节诱导细胞凋亡的时间,希望能找到一个caspase激活比较
    强的时间点,这样就可以检测出该caspase的激活。可以作一时间曲线,例如诱导凋亡0、2、4、
    8、16和24小时,或0、1、2、4、8和16小时,或0、1、2、4、6和8小时等。具体的诱导凋亡时间
    需根据具体情况而定。
2.测定出的A405过高或者样品量不足:
   测定出来的A405读数过高时,可以参考下表的反应体系适当减少样品的用量;样品量不足时也可
   以参考下表减少样品的用量。

 

空白对照

样品

检测缓冲液

40μl

40μl

待测样品

0μl

xμl

裂解液

50μl

(50-x)μl

Ac-DEVD-pNA(2mM)

10μl

10μl

总体积

100μl

100μl

    说明:其中x不超过50,其余检测方法同上面的使用说明所述。

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42.Xu AH, Hu ZM, Qu JB, Liu SM, Syed AK, Yuan HQ, Lou HX.
   Cyclic bisbibenzyls induce growth arrest and apoptosis of human prostate cancer PC3
   cells.

   Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2010;31(5):609-15.
43.Yang Y, Xing D, Zhou F, Chen Q.
   Mitochondrial autophagy protects against heat shock-induced apoptosis through reducing
   cytosolic cytochrome c release and downstream caspase-3 activation.

   Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010;395(2):190-5.
44.Ma H, Quan F, Chen D, Zhang B, Zhang Y.
   Alterations in mitochondrial function and spermatozoal motility in goat spermatozoa
   following incubation with a human lysozyme plasmid.

   Anim Reprod Sci. 2010;121(1-2):106-14.
45.Wang Y, Gao J, Zhang D, Zhang J, Ma J, Jiang H.
   New insights into the antifibrotic effects of sorafenib on hepatic stellate cells and
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   J Hepatol. 2010;53(1):132-44.
46.Shi YQ, Wang YP, Song Y, Li HW, Liu CJ, Wu ZG, Yang KD.
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47.Li WZ, Li WP, Yao YY, Zhang W, Yin YY, Wu GC, Gong HL.
   Glucocorticoids increase impairments in learning and memory due to elevated amyloid
   precursor protein expression and neuronal apoptosis in 12-month old mice.

   Eur J Pharmacol. 2010;628(1-3):108-15.
48.Zhang Y, Li RJ, Ying X, Tian W, Yao HJ, Men Y, Yu Y, Zhang L, Ju RJ, Wang XX, Zhou J,
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   Targeting therapy with mitosomal daunorubicin plus amlodipine has the potential to
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   Mol Pharm. 2011 Feb 7;8(1):162-75.
49.Zhu S, Jin J, Wang Y, Ouyang Z, Xi C, Li J, Qiu Y, Wan J, Huang M, Huang Z.
   The endoplasmic reticulum stress response is involved in apoptosis induced by
   aloe-emodin inHK-2 cells.

   Food Chem Toxicol. 2012 Mar;50(3-4):1149-58.
50.Qu M, Zhou Z, Chen C, Li M, Pei L, Chu F, Yang J, Wang Y, Li L, Liu C, Zhang L, Zhang G,
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   Lycopene protects against trimethyltin-induced neurotoxicity in primary cultured rat
   hippocampalneurons by inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.

   Neurochem Int. 2011 Dec;59(8):1095-103.
51.Shi X, Gu A, Ji G, Li Y, Di J, Jin J, Hu F, Long Y, Xia Y, Lu C, Song L, Wang S, Wang X
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   Chemosphere. 2011 Oct;85(6):1010-6.
52.Chen X, Ran ZH, Tong JL, Nie F, Zhu MM, Xu XT, Xiao SD.
   RNA interference (RNAi) of Ufd1 protein can sensitize a hydroxycamptothecin-resistant
   coloncancer cell line SW1116/HCPT to hydroxycamptothecin.

   J Dig Dis. 2011 Apr;12(2):110-6.
53.Huang B, Cao K, Li X, Guo S, Mao X, Wang Z, Zhuang J, Pan J, Mo C, Chen J, Qiu S.
   The expression and role of protein kinase C (PKC) epsilon in clear cell renal cell
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   J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2011 Sep 28;30:88.
54.Tan C, Zhang LY, Chen H, Xiao L, Liu XP, Zhang JX.
   Overexpression of the human ubiquitin E3 ligase CUL4A alleviates hypoxia-reoxygenation
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   Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Dec 16;416(3-4):403-8.
55.Du K, Zheng Q, Zhou M, Zhu L, Ai B, Zhou L
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   Curr Microbiol. 2011 Oct;63(4):341-6.
56.Xu Y, Zheng H, Kang JS, Zhang L, Su J, Li HY, Sun LK
   5-Nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid induced drug resistance to cisplatin in
   humanerythroleukemia cell lines.

   Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2011 Jun;294(6):945-52.
57.Feng Q, Cao HL, Xu W, Li XR, Ren YQ, Du LF
   Apoptosis induced by genipin in human leukemia K562 cells: involvement of
   c-Jun N-terminal kinase in G2/M arrest.

   Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2011 Apr;32(4):519-27.
58.Lou H, Fan P, Perez RG, Lou H.
   Neuroprotective effects of linarin through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in
   amyloid-β-induced neuronal cell death.

   Bioorg Med Chem. 2011 Jul 1;19(13):4021-7..
59.Zhang W, Liu J, Sun R, Zhao L, Du J, Ruan C, Dai K.
   Calpain activator dibucaine induces platelet apoptosis.
   Int J Mol Sci. 2011;12(4):2125-37.
60.Chen H, Mei L, Zhou L, Shen X, Guo C, Zheng Y, Zhu H, Zhu Y, Huang L.
   PTEN restoration and PIK3CB knockdown synergistically suppress glioblastoma growth in
   vitroand in xenografts.

   J Neurooncol. 2011 Aug;104(1):155-67.
61.Yu G, Li Y, Tian Q, Liu R, Wang Q, Wang JZ, Wang X.
   Berberine attenuates calyculin A-induced cytotoxicity and Tau hyperphosphorylation in
   HEK293cells.

   J Alzheimers Dis. 2011;24(3):525-35
62.Tian LL, Yue W, Zhu F, Li S, Li W.
   Human mesenchymal stem cells play a dual role on tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo.
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63.Xu B, Xu Z, Xia T, He P, Gao P, He W, Zhang M, Guo L, Niu Q, Wang A.
   Effects of the Fas/Fas-L pathway on fluoride-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells.
   Environ Toxicol. 2011 Feb;26(1):86-92.
64.Li M, Ding Y, Mu Y, Ao J, Chen X
   Molecular cloning and characterization of caspase-3 in large yellow croaker
   (Pseudosciaenacrocea).

   Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2011 Mar;30(3):910-6.
65.Wang K, Cheng L, Liang Y, Liu D, Li K, Wang P.
   Adenovirus-mediated delivery of shRNA against bFGF mRNA suppresses growth of
   culturedhuman primary prostatic stromal cells.

   Mol Biol Rep. 2011 Feb;38(2):971-6.
66.Wu Y, Xia ZY, Dou J, Zhang L, Xu JJ, Zhao B, Lei S, Liu HM
   Protective effect of ginsenoside Rb1 against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury
   instreptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

   Mol Biol Rep. 2011 Oct;38(7):4327-35.
67.Tong JS, Zhang QH, Huang X, Fu XQ, Qi ST, Wang YP, Hou Y, Sheng J, Sun QY.
   Icaritin causes sustained ERK1/2 activation and induces apoptosis in human endometrial
   cancercells.

   PLoS One. 2011 Mar 8;6(3):e16781.
68.Li J, Cheng Y, Qu W, Sun Y, Wang Z, Wang H, Tian B
   Fisetin, a dietary flavonoid, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through activation
   of p53 andinhibition of NF-kappa B pathways in bladder cancer cells.

   Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2011 Feb;108(2):84-93
69.Gong L, Liu FQ, Wang J, Wang XP, Hou XG, Sun Y, Qin WD, Wei SJ, Zhang Y, Chen L,
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   Hyperglycemia induces apoptosis of pancreatic islet endothelial cells via reactive
   nitrogenspecies-mediated Jun N-terminal kinase activation.

   Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011 Jun;1813(6):1211-9.
70.Li P, Yin Y, Yu Q, Yang Q.
   Lactobacillus acidophilus S-layer protein-mediated inhibition of Salmonella-induced
   apoptosis inCaco-2 cells.

   Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 May 27;409(1):142-7.
71.Abdou MA, He Q, Wen D, Zyaan O, Wang J, Xu J, Baumann AA, Joseph J, Wilson TG, Li S,
   Wang J.
   Drosophila Met and Gce are partially redundant in transducing juvenile hormone action.
   Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2011 Dec;41(12):938-45.
72.Li ZL, Liu JC, Hu J, Li XQ, Wang SW, Yi DH, Zhao MG
   Protective effects of hyperoside against human umbilical vein endothelial cell damage
   induced byhydrogen peroxide.

   J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Jan 31.
73.Nie X, Song S, Zhang L, Qiu Z, Shi S, Liu Y, Yao L, Zhu D.
   15-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) protects pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells
   fromapoptosis via inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) pathway.

   Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2012 Jan;97(1-2):50-9.
74.Arockiaraj J, Easwvaran S, Vanaraja P, Singh A, Othman RY, Bhassu S.
   Effect of infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) infection on
   caspase3c expression and activity in freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

   Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2012 Jan;32(1):161-9.
75.Zhao D, Lin F, Wu X, Zhao Q, Zhao B, Lin P, Zhang Y, Yu X
   Pseudolaric acid B induces apoptosis via proteasome-mediated Bcl-2 degradation in
   hormone-refractory prostate cancer DU145 cells.

   Toxicol In Vitro. 2012 Jun;26(4):595-602.
76.Zhang W, Zhao L, Liu J, Du J, Wang Z, Ruan C, Dai K.
   Cisplatin induces platelet apoptosis through the ERK signaling pathway.
   Thromb Res.2012 Jul;130(1):81-91.
77.Lv M, Zhang Y, Liang L, Wei M, Hu W, Li X, Huang Q.
   Effect of graphene oxide on undifferentiated and retinoic acid-differentiated SH-SY5Y
   cells line.

   Nanoscale.2012 Jul 7;4(13):3861-6.
78.Lv L, Jiang SS, Xu J, Gong JB, Cheng Y.
   Protective effect of ligustrazine against myocardial ischaemia reperfusion in rats: the
   role ofendothelial nitric oxide synthase.

   Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol.2012 Jan;39(1):20-7.
79.Jia Y, Li Y, Du S, Huang K.
   Involvement of MsrB1 in the regulation of redox balance and inhibition of
   peroxynitrite-inducedapoptosis in human lens epithelial cells.

   Exp Eye Res. 2012 Jul;100:7-16.
80.Ma J, Zhang L, Han W, Shen T, Ma C, Liu Y, Nie X, Liu M, Ran Y, Zhu D.
   Activation of JNK/c-Jun is required for the proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis
   induced by EETin pulmonary artery endothelial cells.

   J Lipid Res.2012 Jun;53(6):1093-105.
81.Wang YW, Wang SJ, Zhou YN, Pan SH, Sun B.
   Escin augments the efficacy of gemcitabine through down-regulation of nuclear factor-κB
   andnuclear factor-κB-regulated gene products in pancreatic cancer both in vitro and in
   vivo.

   J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2012 May;138(5):785-97.
82.Tang J, Guo YS, Zhang Y, Yu XL, Li L, Huang W, Li Y, Chen B, Jiang JL, Chen ZN.
   CD147 induces UPR to inhibit apoptosis and chemosensitivity by increasing the
   transcription ofBip in hepatocellular carcinoma.

   Cell Death Differ.2012 Nov;19(11):1779-90.
83.Jiang Y, Lv H, Liao M, Xu X, Huang S, Tan H, Peng T, Zhang Y, Li H.
   GRP78 counteracts cell death and protein aggregation caused by mutant huntingtin
   proteins.

   Neurosci Lett. 2012 May 16;516(2):182-7.
84.Ye Z, Guo Q, Xia P, Wang N, Wang E, Yuan Y.
   Sevoflurane postconditioning involves an up-regulation of HIF-1α and HO-1 expression
   viaPI3K/Akt pathway in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia.

   Brain Res.2012 Jun 29;1463:63-74.
85.Liao XH, Chen GT, Li Y, Zhang L, Liu Q, Sun H, Guo H.
   Augmenter of liver regeneration attenuates tubular cell apoptosis in acute kidney injury
   in rats: thepossible mechanisms.

   Ren Fail. 2012;34(5):590-9.
86.Chi J, Zhu Y, Fu Y, Liu Y, Zhang X, Han L, Yin X, Zhao D.
   Cyclosporin A induces apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells through calcium-sensing
   receptor-mediated activation of the ERK MAPK and p38 MAPK pathways.

   Mol Cell Biochem. 2012 Aug;367(1-2):227-36.
87.Zhang S, Wan Y, Pan T, Gu X, Qian C, Sun G, Sun L, Xiang Y, Wang Z, Shi L
   MicroRNA-21 Inhibitor Sensitizes Human Glioblastoma U251 Stem Cells to Chemotherapeutic
   DrugTemozolomide.

   J Mol Neurosci.2012 Jun;47(2):346-56.
88.Liu Q, Xiao L, Yuan D, Shi X, Li P.
   Silencing of the integrin-linked kinase gene induces the apoptosis in ovarian carcinoma.
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89.Zhu S, Wang Y, Jin J, Guan C, Li M, Xi C, Ouyang Z, Chen M, Qiu Y, Huang M, Huang Z
   Endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates aristolochic acid I-induced apoptosis in human
   renalproximal tubular epithelial cells.

   Toxicol In Vitro. 2012 Aug;26(5):663-71.
90.Gao Q, Qi L, Wu T, Wang J.
   An important role of interleukin-10 in counteracting excessive immune response in HT-29
   cellsexposed to Clostridium butyricum.

   BMC Microbiol. 2012 Jun 8;12(1):100.
91.Ren Y, Cai Y, Jia D.
   Comparative Antiapoptotic Effects of KB-R7943 and Ischemic Postconditioning During
   MyocardialIschemia Reperfusion.

   Cell Biochem Biophys. 2012 Nov;64(2):137-45.
92.Zhang L, Ma J, Shen T, Wang S, Ma C, Liu Y, Ran Y, Wang L, Liu L, Zhu D.
   Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) induces pulmonary vascular remodeling through
   15-LO/15-HETE pathway under hypoxic condition.

   Cell Signal.2012 Oct;24(10):1931-9.
93.Xu HL, Yu XF, Qu SC, Qu XR, Jiang YF, Sui da Y
   Juglone, from Juglans mandshruica Maxim, inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in
   humanleukemia cell HL-60 through a reactive oxygen species-dependent mechanism.

   Food Chem Toxicol. 2012 Mar;50(3-4):590-6.
94.Qian Y, Guan T, Huang M, Cao L, Li Y, Cheng H, Jin H, Yu D.
   Neuroprotection by the soy isoflavone, genistein, via inhibition of
   mitochondria-dependentapoptosis pathways and reactive oxygen induced-NF-κB activation
   in a cerebral ischemia mouse model.

   Neurochem Int. 2012 Jun;60(8):759-67.
95.Zhu X, Li Y, Luo X, Fei J
   Inhibition of small GTPase RalA regulates growth and arsenic-induced apoptosis in
   chronicmyeloid leukemia (CML) cells.

   Cell Signal. 2012 Jun;24(6):1134-40.
96.Hu W, Chen FH, Yuan FL, Zhang TY, Wu FR, Rong C, Jiang S, Tang J, Zhang CC, Lin MY.
   Blockade of acid-sensing ion channels protects articular chondrocytes from acid-induced
   apoptoticinjury.

   Inflamm Res.2012 Apr;61(4):327-35.
97.Zhou Z, Wan Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Jia R, Fan Y, Nie H, Ying S, Huang P, Wang F
   Follicular development and expression of nuclear respiratory factor-1 and peroxisome
   proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 alpha in ovaries of fetal and neonatal
   doelings.

   J Anim Sci.2012 Nov;90(11):3752-61.
98.Hu R, Zhou P, Peng YB, Xu X, Ma J, Liu Q, Zhang L, Wen XD, Qi LW, Gao N, Li P.
   6-Shogaol Induces Apoptosis in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells and Exhibits
   Anti-TumorActivity In Vivo through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress.

   PLoS One. 2012 June.
99.Li Y, Liu L, Niu Y, Feng J, Sun Y, Kong X, Chen Y, Chen X, Gan H, Cao S, Mei Q.
   Modified apple polysaccharide prevents against tumorigenesis in a mouse model of
   colitis-associated colon cancer: role of galectin-3 and apoptosis in cancer prevention.

   Eur J Nutr.2012 Feb;51(1):107-17.
100.Dan Zhu D, HeHJ, Hao LR, TangJ, CaoD
   Aldosterone induces apoptosis via the Wnt signalling pathway
   African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2012 May 22; 6(19): 1428-1434.
101.Gao W, Ji L, Li L, Cui G, Xu K, Li P, Tang B.
   Bifunctional combined Au-Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles for induction of cancer cell-specific
   apoptosis and real-time imaging.

   Biomaterials.2012 May;33(14):3710-8.
102.Cheng J, Tang W, Su Z, Guo J, Tong L, Wei Q.
   Calcineurin subunit B promotes TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis by binding to mitochondria
   and causing mitochondrial Ca2+ overload.

   Cancer Lett. 2012 Aug 28;321(2):169-78.
103.Zhai FX, Liu XF, Fan RF, Long ZJ, Fang ZG, Lu Y, Zheng YJ, Lin DJ.
   RUNX3 is involved in caspase-3-dependent apoptosis induced by a combination of 5-aza-CdR
   andTSA in leukaemia cell lines.

   J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2012 Mar;138(3):439-49.
104.Hu M, Xu L, Yin L, Qi Y, Li H, Xu Y, Han X, Peng J, Wan X.
   Cytotoxicity of dioscin in human gastric carcinoma cells through death receptor and
   mitochondrial pathways.

   J Appl Toxicol. 2013 August; 33(8): 712–722.
105.Zhou YC, Liu B, Li YJ, Jing LL, Wen G, Tang J, Xu X, Lv ZP, Sun XG.
   Effects of buyang huanwu decoction on ventricular remodeling and differential protein
   profile in a rat model ofmyocardial infarction.

   Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 385247, 11
   pages.
106.Li Y, Wang H, Yang B, Yang J, Ruan X, Yang Y, Wakeland EK, Li Q, Fang X.
   Influence of carbon monoxide on growth and apoptosis of human umbilical artery smooth
   muscle cells and veinendothelial cells.

   Int J Biol Sci. 2012;8(10):1431-46.
107.Guo C, Zeng X, Song J, Zhang M, Wang H, Xu X, Du F, Chen B.
   A Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products Inhibits Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-
   Induced Apoptosis inRat Cardiomyocytes via the Mitochondrial Pathway.

   Int J Mol Sci. 2012;13(9):11923-40.
108.Zhang WF, Xu YY, Xu KP, Wu WH, Tan GS, Li YJ, Hu CP.
   Inhibitory effect of selaginellin on high glucose-induced apoptosis in differentiated
   PC12 cells: role of NADPHoxidase and LOX-1.

   Eur J Pharmacol. 2012 Nov 5;694(1-3):60-8.
109.Liu J, Lu Y, Liang J.
   A novel fluorescence derivatization method combined with HPLC for determining the
   activities of endogenouscaspase.

   Analyst.2012 Nov 7;137(21):5097-104.
110.Guo E, He Q, Liu S, Tian L, Sheng Z, Peng Q, Guan J, Shi M, Li K, Gilbert LI, Wang J,
   Cao Y, Li S.
   MET is required for the maximal action of 20-hydroxyecdysone during Bombyx
   metamorphosis.

   PLoS One.2012;7(12):e53256.
111.Xiao F, Zhang JS, Zhao JY, Wu D.
   Regulation of Eaf2 in mouse lens cells apoptosis induced by ultraviolet radiation.
   Int J Ophthalmol.2012;5(5):570-5.
112.Mao Z, Xia W, Wang J, Chen T, Zeng Q, Xu B, Li W, Chen X, Xu S.
   Perfluorooctane sulfonate induces apoptosis in lung cancer A549 cells through reactive
   oxygen species-mediated mitochondrion-dependent pathway.

   J Appl Toxicol. 2013 November Volume 33, Issue 11, pages 1268–1276.
113.Bu TL, Jia YD, Lin JX, Mi YL, Zhang CQ.
   Alleviative effect of quercetin on germ cells intoxicated by 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol
   from diesel exhaust particles.

   J Zhejiang Univ Sci B.2012 Apr;13(4):318-26.
114.Yu W, Wu J, Cai F, Xiang J, Zha W, Fan D, Guo S, Ming Z, Liu C.
   Curcumin alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy in experimental diabetic rats.
   PLoS One. 2012 December 14; 7(12): e52013.
115.Wang J, Wang Q, Li J, Shen Q, Wang F, Wang L.
   Cadmium induces hydrogen peroxide production and initiates hydrogen peroxide-dependent
   apoptosis in the gillof freshwater crab, Sinopotamon henanense.

   Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol.2012 Nov;156(3-4):195-201.
116.Zha YY, Yang B, Tang ML, Guo QC, Chen JT, Wen LP, Wang M.
   Concentration-dependent effects of fullerenol on cultured hippocampal neuron viability.
   Int J Nanomedicine.2012;7:3099-109.
117.Cao M, Tong Y, Lv Q, Chen X, Long Y, Jiang L, Wan J, Zhang Y, Zhang F, Tong N.
   PPARδ Activation Rescues Pancreatic β-Cell Line INS-1E from Palmitate-Induced
   Endoplasmic Reticulum Stressthrough Enhanced Fatty Acid Oxidation.

   PPAR Res.2012;2012:680684.
118.Liu Q, Peng YB, Qi LW, Cheng XL, Xu XJ, Liu LL, Liu EH, Li P.
   The Cytotoxicity Mechanism of 6-Shogaol-Treated HeLa Human Cervical Cancer Cells
   Revealed by Label-FreeShotgun Proteomics and Bioinformatics Analysis.

   Evid Based Complement Alternat Med.2012;2012:278652.
119.Yue R, Hu H, Yiu KH, Luo T, Zhou Z, Xu L, Zhang S, Li K, Yu Z.
   Lycopene protects against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis by preventing
   mitochondrial dysfunction inprimary neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes.

   PLoS One.2012;7(11):e50778.
120.Jia LQ, Yang GL, Ren L, Chen WN, Feng JY, Cao Y, Zhang L, Li XT, Lei P.
   Tanshinone IIA reduces apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide in the human endothelium-
   derived EA.hy926cells.

   J Ethnopharmacol.2012 Aug 30;143(1):100-8.
121.Ding GB, Liu HY, Lv YY, Liu XF, Guo Y, Sun CK, Xu L.
   Enhanced in vitro antitumor efficacy and strong anti-cell-migration activity of a
   hydroxycamptothecin-encapsulated magnetic nanovehicle.

   Chemistry.2012 Oct 29;18(44):14037-46.
122.Chen Y, Liu J, Yuan B, Cao C, Qin S, Cao X, Bian G, Wang Z, Jiang J.
   Methylated actinomycin D, a novel actinomycin D analog induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells
   through fas- andmitochondria-mediated pathways.

   Mol Carcinog.2013 Dec;52(12):983-96.
123.Huang P, Zhou ZR, Zheng MQ, Shi FX.
   Effect of the IGF-1/PTEN/Akt/FoxO signaling pathway in the duodenal mucosa of rats
   subjected to waterimmersion and restraint stress.

   Genet Mol Res.2012 Sep 19;11(4):4775-88.
124.Zhao L, Peng DQ, Zhang J, Song JQ, Teng X, Yu YR, Tang CS, Qi YF.
   Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation is involved in intermedin1-53
   attenuating myocardial oxidativestress injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion.

   Peptides.2012 Feb;33(2):329-35.
125.Liu J, Pang Y, Chen J, Huang P, Huang W, Zhu X, Yan D.
   Hyperbranched polydiselenide as a self assembling broad spectrum anticancer agent.
   Biomaterials.2012 Nov;33(31):7765-74.
126.eng Z, Yan H, Hu J, Zhang S, Peng P, Liu Q, Guo D.
   Hepatitis C virus sensitizes host cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by up-regulating DR4
   and DR5 via a MEK1-dependent pathway.

   PLoS One.2012;7(5):e37700.
127.hao WH, Gou BD, Zhang TL, Wang K.
   Lanthanum chloride bidirectionally influences calcification in bovine vascular smooth
   muscle cells.

   J Cell Biochem.2012 May;113(5):1776-86.
128.Guo W, Liu W, Hong S, Liu H, Qian C, Shen Y, Wu X, Sun Y, Xu Q.
   Mitochondria-dependent apoptosis of con A-activated T lymphocytes induced by asiatic
   acid for preventingmurine fulminant hepatitis.

   PLoS One.2012;7(9):e46018.
129.Li JZ, Yu SY, Wu JH, Shao QR, Dong XM.
   Paeoniflorin protects myocardial cell from doxorubicin-induced apoptosis through
   inhibition of NADPH oxidase.

   Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2012 Dec;90(12):1569-75.
130.Wang H, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Zhu H, Zhao L, Fan L, Wang Y, Gang Y, Wu K, Liu Z, Fan D.
   Growth arrest-specific gene 1 is downregulated and inhibits tumor growth in gastric
   cancer.

   FEBS J.2012 Oct;279(19):3652-64.
131.Zhang L, Ji Q, Ni ZH, Sun J.
   Prohibitin induces apoptosis in BGC823 gastric cancer cells through the mitochondrial
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   Asian Pac J Cancer Prev.2012;13(8):3803-7.
132.Yang G, Zhou X, Wang J, Zhang W, Zheng H, Lu W, Yuan J.
   MEHP-induced oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis in HepG2 cells correlates with
   p53-mediated mitochondria-dependent signaling pathway.

   Food Chem Toxicol.2012 Jul;50(7):2424-31.
133.Ji Y, Ji C, Yue L, Xu H.
   Saponins isolated from Asparagus induce apoptosis in human hepatoma cell line HepG2
   through a mitochondrial-mediated pathway.

   Curr Oncol.2012 Jul;19(Suppl 2):eS1-9.
134.Ma EL, Zhao DM, Li YC, Cao H, Zhao QY, Li JC, Sun LX.
   Activation of ATM-Chk2 by 16-dehydropregnenolone induces G1 phase arrest and apoptosis
   in HeLa cells.

   J Asian Nat Prod Res.2012;14(9):817-25.
135.Zhou BR, Yin HB, Xu Y, Wu D, Zhang ZH, Yin ZQ, Permatasari F, Luo D.
   Baicalin protects human skin fibroblasts from ultraviolet A radiation-induced oxidative
   damage and apoptosis.

   Free Radic Res.2012 Dec;46(12):1458-71.
136.Li H, Song Y, Zhang LJ, Li FF, Gu Y, Zhang J, Dong WP, Xue L, Zhang LY, Liu F, Wang J,
   Jiang LN, Ye J, Li Q.
   Cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector b (Cideb) is present in pancreatic beta-cells
   and involved in palmitateinduced beta-cell apoptosis.

   Diabetes Metab Res Rev.2012 Feb;28(2):145-55.
137.Ge XH, Zhu GJ, Geng DQ, Zhang ZJ, Liu CF.
   Erythropoietin attenuates 6-hydroxydopamine-induced apoptosis via glycogen synthase
   kinase 3b-mediated mitochondrial translocation of Bax in PC12 cells.

   Neurol Sci.2012 Dec;33(6):1249-56.
138.Lu B, Xu Y, Xu L, Cong X, Yin L, Li H, Peng J.
   Mechanism investigation of dioscin against CCl4-induced acute liver damage in mice.
   Environ Toxicol Pharmacol.2012 Sep;34(2):127-35.
139.Zhang H, Shao D, Wu Y, Cai C, Hu C, Shou X, Dai B, Ye B, Wang M, Jia X.
   Apoptotic responses of Carassius auratus lymphocytes to nodularin exposure in vitro.
   Fish Shellfish Immunol.2012 Dec;33(6):1229-37.
140.Huang HC, Xu K, Jiang ZF.
   Curcumin-mediated neuroprotection against amyloid-β-induced mitochondrial dysfunction
   involves the inhibitionof GSK-3β.

   J Alzheimers Dis.2012;32(4):981-96.
141.Li XY, Jing CQ, Lei WL, Li J, Wang JJ.
   Apoptosis caused by imidazolium-based ionic liquids in PC12 cells.
   Ecotoxicol Environ Saf.2012 Sep;83:102-7.
142.Rong C, Chen FH, Jiang S, Hu W, Wu FR, Chen TY, Yuan FL.
   Inhibition of acid-sensing ion channels by amiloride protects rat articular chondrocytes
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   Cell Biol Int.2012 Jul;36(7):635-41.doi: 10.1042/CBI20110432.
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144.Gong K, Chen C, Zhan Y, Chen Y, Huang Z, Li W.
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146.Chen HB, Zhou LZ, Mei L, Shi XJ, Wang XS, Li QL, Huang L.
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   J Nat Med.2012 Jan;66(1):62-9.
147.Fang XY, Chen W, Fan JT, Song R, Wang L, Gu YH, Zeng GZ, Shen Y, Wu XF, Tan NH, Xu Q,
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148.Guo J, Zhang Y, Zeng L, Liu J, Liang J, Guo G.
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149.Zhang M, Zhu R, Zhang M, Gao B, Sun D, Wang S.
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150.Guo LD, Chen XJ, Hu YH, Yu ZJ, Wang D, Liu JZ.
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151.Li J, Wu F, Chen K, Liang J, Ma S
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152.Guo Z, Zhou B, Liu W, Xu Y, Wu D, Yin Z, Permatasari F, Luo D.
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153.Li J, Du L, Yang Y, Wang C, Liu H, Wang L, Zhang X, Li W, Zheng G, Dong Z.
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   inhibits apoptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes via Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation.

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155.Li Y, Jia Y, Zhou J, Huang K.
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156.Guo J, Bian Y, Bai R, Li H, Fu M, Xiao C.
   Globular Adiponectin Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Upregulating
   Endoplasmic ReticulumCa2+-ATPase Activity and Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress.

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157.Liu Z, Dong X, Song L, Zhang H, Liu L, Zhu D, Song C, Leng X.
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158.Zhu Y, Chi J, Liu Y, Sun Y, Fu Y, Zhang X, Ding X, Yin X, Zhao D.
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159.Qiu L, Chen Y, Gao M, Zheng C, Zhao Q.
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160.Ma J, Zhang L, Zhang J, Liu M, Wei L, Shen T, Ma C, Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhu D.
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161.Li D, Liu Z, Zhao W, Zheng X, Wang J, Wang E.
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162.Qiu Q, Xiong W, Yang C, Gagnon C, Hardy P.
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   Mol Immunol.2013 Oct;55(3-4):220-30.
163.Wang J, Wang D, Li Y, Gao Y, Wang S, Zuo H, Xu X, Wang S, Peng R.
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164.Wang J, Jiang Z, Ji J, Wang X, Wang T, Zhang Y, Tai T, Chen M, Sun L, Li X, Zhang L.
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165.Song S, Wang S, Ma J, Yao L, Xing H, Zhang L, Liao L, Zhu D.
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166.Yang F, Sun X, Shen J, Yu LP, Liang JY, Zheng HQ, Wu ZD.
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167.Wu WY, Wang WY, Ma YL, Yan H, Wang XB, Qin Y, Su M, Chen T, Wang YP.
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   NF-κB/TNF-α pathway.

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168.Yao W, Cai X, Liu C, Qin Y, Cheng H, Ji S, Xu W, Wu C, Chen T, Xu J, Long J, Fang Z,
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170.Cui W, Ma J, Wang X, Yang W, Zhang J, Ji Q.
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172.Zhu D, Yu H, He H, Ding J, Tang J, Cao D, Hao L.
   Spironolactone inhibits apoptosis in rat mesangial cells under hyperglycaemic
   conditions via the Wnt signallingpathway.

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173.Kun D, Xiang-Lin C, Ming Z, Qi L.
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174.Tian R, Tan JT, Wang RL, Xie H, Qian YB, Yu KL.
   The role of intestinal mucosa oxidative stress in gut barrier dysfunction of severe
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175.Jiang ZQ, Yan XJ, Bi L, Chen JP, Zhou Q, Chen WP.
   Mechanism for hepato-protective action of Liangxue Huayu Recipe (LHR): Blockade of
   mitochondrial cytochrome c release and caspase activation.

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176.Wu B, Lin R, Dai R, Chen C, Wu H, Hong M.
   Valsartan attenuates oxidative stress and NF-κB activation and reduces myocardial
   apoptosis after ischemia and reperfusion.

   Eur J Pharmacol.2013 Apr 5;705(1-3):140-7.
177.Peng W, Chen J, Qin Y, Yang Z, Zhu YY.
   Long Double-Stranded Multiplex siRNAs for Dual Genes Silencing.
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178.Li ZL, Hu J, Li YL, Xue F, Zhang L, Xie JQ, Liu ZH, Li H, Yi DH, Liu JC, Wang SW.
   The effect of hyperoside on the functional recovery of the ischemic/reperfused isolated
   rat heart: potential involvement of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2
   signaling pathway.

   Free Radic Biol Med.2013 Apr; 57:132-40.
179.Zheng F, He K, Li X, Zhao D, Sun F, Zhang Y, Nie D, Li X, Chu W, Sun Y, Lu Y.
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   Biosci Rep.2013 Feb 7.
180.Dan K, Yuehua G, Yanmei Z, Aodi L, Nannan D, Ying P, Yuan Y.
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   Helicobacter.2013 October;18(5): 347–355.
181.Jin M, Zhang L, Yu H, Meng J, Sun Z, Lu R.
   Protective effect of whey protein hydrolysates on H2O2-induced PC12 cells oxidative
   stress via a mitochondria-mediated pathway.

   Food Chemistry.Volume 141, Issue 2, 15 November 2013, Pages 847–852
182.Wang B, Zhang Q, Zhu B, Cui Z, Zhou J
   Protective effect of gadolinium chloride on early warm ischemia/reperfusion injury in
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183.Cao ZH, Yin WD, Zheng QY, Feng SL, Xu GL, Zhang KQ.
   Caspase-3 is Involved in IFN-γ- and TNF-α-Mediated MIN6 Cells Apoptosis via NF-κB/Bcl-2
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184.Liu YR, Sun BC, Zhao XL, Gu Q, Liu ZY, Dong XY, Che N, Mo J.
   Basal caspase-3 activity promotes migration, invasion, and vasculogenic mimicry
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   Melanoma Res.2013 August; 23 (4):243–253.
185.Xu X, Wen H, Hu Y, Yu H, Zhang Y, Chen C, Pan X.
   STAT1-caspase 3 pathway in the apoptotic process associated with steroid-induced
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   J Mol Histol. 2014 Aug;45(4):473-85.
186.Liu H, Wang J, Li S.
   E93 predominantly transduces 20-hydroxyecdysone signaling to induce autophagy and
   caspase activity in Drosophila fat body.

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187.Zuo H, Lin T, Wang D, Peng R, Wang S, Gao Y, Xu X, Li Y, Wang S, Zhao L, Wang L, Zhou
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188.Yang SD, Bai ZL, Zhang F, Ma L, Yang DL, Ding WY.
   Levofloxacin increases the effect of serum deprivation on anoikis of rat nucleus
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   Toxicol Mech Methods. 2014 Sep 23:1-9.
189.Zheng L, Fu Y, Zhuang L, Gai R, Ma J, Lou J, Zhu H, He Q, Yang B.
   Simultaneous NF-κB inhibition and E-cadherin upregulation mediate mutually synergistic
   anticancer activity of celastrol and SAHA in vitro and in vivo.

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190.Liu Q.
   Lentivirus mediated interference of Caspase-3 expression ameliorates the heart function
   on rats with acute myocardial infarction.

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191.Li JP, Cao NX, Jiang RT, He SJ, Huang TM, Wu B, Chen DF, Ma P, Chen L, Zhou SF, Xie XX,
   Luo GR.
   Knockdown of GCF2/LRRFIP1 by RNAi causes cell growth inhibition and increased apoptosis
   in human hepatoma HepG2 cells.

   Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2014;15(6):2753-8.
192.Nie H, Hong Y, Lu X, Zhang J, Chen H, Li Y, Ma Y, Ying W.
   SIRT2 mediates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of differentiated PC12 cells.
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193.Chen H, Xing B, Wang L, Weng X, Chen Z, Liu X.
   Aged kidneys are refractory to ischemic postconditioning in a rat model.
   Ren Fail. 2014 Aug 26:1-6.
194.Wang H, Zhang B, Gu M, Li S, Chi Z, Hao L.
   Overexpression of the dependence receptor UNC5H4 inhibits cell migration and invasion,
   and triggers apoptosis in neuroblastoma cell.

   Tumour Biol. 2014 Jun;35(6):5417-25.
195.Duan Y, Gu X, Zhu D, Sun W, Chen J, Feng J, Song K, Xu F, He X, He X.
   Schistosoma japonicum soluble egg antigens induce apoptosis and inhibit activation of
   hepatic stellate cells: a possible molecular mechanism.

   Int J Parasitol. 2014 Mar;44(3-4):217-24.
196.Tian H, Guo M, Zhuang Y, Chu J, Zhang S.
   Enhanced proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by co-culture with TM4
   mouse Sertoli cells: involvement of the EGF/PI3K/AKT pathway.

   Mol Cell Biochem. 2014 Aug;393(1-2):155-64.
197.Li X, Chen N, Su Y, He Y, Yin M, Wei M, Wang L, Huang W, Fan C, Huang Q.
   Autophagy-sensitized cytotoxicity of quantum dots in PC12 cells.
   Adv Healthc Mater. 2014 Mar;3(3):354-9.
198.Rehman K, Fu YJ, Zhang YF, Wang QQ, Wu Y, Zhou XY, Sun WH, Sun TF, Naranmandura H.
   Trivalent methylated arsenic metabolites induce apoptosis in human myeloid leukemic
   HL-60 cells through generation of reactive oxygen species.

   Metallomics. 2014 Aug;6(8):1502-12.
199.Sun C, Xu S, Guo J, Xu K, Wang C.
   The inhibitory and apoptotic effects of docetaxel-loaded mesoporous magnetic colloidal
   nanocrystal clusters on bladder cancer T24 cells in vitro.

   J Biomed Nanotechnol. 2014 Mar;10(3):455-62.
200.Ren Y, Zheng J, Yao X, Weng G, Wu L.
   Essential role of the cGMP/PKG signaling pathway in regulating the proliferation and
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   Int J Mol Med. 2014 Nov;34(5):1430-8.
201.Xu C, Hu Y, Hou L, Ju J, Li X, Du N, Guan X, Liu Z, Zhang T, Qin W, Shen N, Bilal MU,
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   β-Blocker carvedilol protects cardiomyocytes against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis
   by up-regulating miR-133 expression.

   J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2014 Oct;75:111-21.
202.Ding X, Zhang B, Pei Q, Pan J, Huang S, Yang Y, Zhu Z, Lv Y, Zou X.
   Triptolide induces apoptotic cell death of human cholangiocarcinoma cells through
   inhibition of myeloid cell leukemia-1.

   BMC Cancer. 2014 Apr 17;14:271.
203.Wang S, Zhang X, Yuan Y, Tan M, Zhang L, Xue X, Yan Y, Han L, Xu Z.
   BRG1 expression is increased in thoracic aortic aneurysms and regulates proliferation
   and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells through the long non-coding RNA HIF1A-AS1
   in vitro.

   Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2014 May 29. pii: ezu215.
204.Qiu Q, Xiong W, Yang C, Dai X, Dan X, Yang Z, Jiao Y, Xiang Y, Liu G, Hardy P.
   Lymphocyte-derived microparticles induce apoptosis of airway epithelial cells through
   activation of p38 MAPK and production of arachidonic acid.

   Apoptosis. 2014 Jul;19(7):1113-27.
205.Yang B, He K, Zheng F, Wan L, Yu X, Wang X, Zhao D, Bai Y, Chu W, Sun Y, Lu Y.
   Over-expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha in vitro protects the cardiac
   fibroblasts from hypoxia-induced apoptosis.

   J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2014 Jul;15(7):579-86.
206.Zuo H, Lin T, Wang D, Peng R, Wang S, Gao Y, Xu X, Zhao L, Wang S, Su Z.
   RKIP Regulates Neural Cell Apoptosis Induced by Exposure to Microwave Radiation Partly
   Through the MEK/ERK/CREB Pathway.

   Mol Neurobiol. 2014 Aug 10.
207.Chang G, Zhang D, Liu J, Zhang P, Ye L, Lu K, Duan Q, Zheng A, Qin S.
   Exenatide protects against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis by improving
   mitochondrial function in H9c2 cells.

   Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2014 Apr; 239(4):414-22.
208.C. Yu, Z. Zhou, J. Wang, J. Sun, W. Liu, Y. Sun, B. Kong, H. Yang and S. Yang.
   In depth analysis of apoptosis induced by silica coated manganese oxide nanoparticles
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   Journal of Hazardous Materials . 2015; 283:519-28.
209.B. Zhang, Z. Xu, Y. Zhang, X. Shao, J. Cheng, Z. Li.
   Fipronil induces apoptosis through caspase-dependent mitochondrial pathways in
   Drosophila S2 cells.

   Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. 2015 March; Volume 119, Pages 81–89.
210.D Zhu, H Wang, J Zhang, X Zhang, C Xin.
   Irisin improves endothelial function in type 2 diabetes through reducing oxidative/
   nitrative stresses.

   Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 2015 October; Volume 87, Pages
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211.Z. Liu, L. Gan, Z. Zhou, W. Jin and C. Sun.
   SOCS3 promotes inflammation and apoptosis via inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in
   3T3-L1 adipocyte.

   Immunobiology. 2015; Volume 220 (8): 947-53.
212.W. Yin, B. Li, X. Li, F. Yu, Q. Cai, Z. Zhang, J. Wang, J. Zhang, R. Zhou, M. Cheng
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   Critical role of prohibitin in endothelial cell apoptosis caused by glycated low-density
   lipoproteins and protective effects of grape seed procyanidin B2.

   Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 2015; 65(1):13-21.
213.WX Duan, MD He, L Mao, FH Qian, YM Li, HF Pi.
   NiO nanoparticles induce apoptosis through repressing SIRT1 in human bronchial
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   Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Volume 286, Issue 2, 15 July 2015, Pages 80–
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214.LC Wang, WS Zhang, Q Liu, J Li, RN Alolga.
   A standardized notoginseng extract exerts cardioprotection by attenuating apoptosis
   under endoplasmic reticulum stress conditions.

   Journal of Functional Foods. Volume 16, June 2015, Pages 20–27.
215.Q Yang, S Guo, S Wang, Y Qian, H Tai.
   Advanced glycation end products‐induced chondrocyte apoptosis through mitochondrial
   dysfunction in cultured rabbit chondrocyte.

   Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology. February 2015; Volume 29, Issue 1, pages 54–
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216.B. Qin, Y. Cao, H. Yang, B. Xiao and Z. Lu.
   MicroRNA-221/222 regulate ox-LDL-induced endothelial apoptosis via Ets-1/p21 inhibition.
   Molecular and cellular biochemistry. 2015 Jul; 405(1-2): 115-24.
217.K. Shen, Y. Wang, Y. Zhang, H. Zhou, Y. Song, Z. Cao, J. Kou and B. Yu.
   Cocktail of four active components derived from Sheng-mai San inhibits hydrogen
   peroxide induced PC12 cell apoptosis linked with caspase-3/ROCK1/MLC pathway.

   Rejuvenation Research. 2015 May. ahead of print.
218.G Huang, J Mao, Z Ji, A Ailati.
   Stachyose-induced apoptosis of Caco-2 cells via the caspase-dependent mitochondrial
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   Food & function. 2015; 6(3), 765-771.
219.Y Xing, D Yang, J Lu, DL Dong.
   Insulin prevents bone morphogenetic protein-4 induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through
   activating Akt.

   Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2015 January; Volume 456,
   Issue 2, 9 Pages 605–609.
220.P. Lin, F. Chen, J. Sun, J. Zhou, X. Wang, N. Wang, X. Li, Z. Zhang, A. Wang and Y.
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   Mycotoxin zearalenone induces apoptosis in mouse Leydig cells via an endoplasmic
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   Reprod Toxicol.2015 Apr; 52: 71-7.
221.C Lu, X Liu, C Liu, J Wang, C Li, Q Liu, Y Li.
   Chlorpyrifos induces MLL translocations through caspase 3-dependent genomic instability
   and topoisomerase II inhibition in human fetal liver hematopoietic stem.

   Toxicol. Sci. 2015 July; doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv153.
222.Y. Zhao, Q. Li, W. Zhao, J. Li, Y. Sun, K. Liu, B. Liu and N. Zhang.
   Astragaloside IV and cycloastragenol are equally effective in inhibition of endoplasmic
   reticulum stress-associated TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the endothelium.

   J Ethnopharmacol. 2015 Jul;169: 210-8.
223.W. J. Zhao, B. Y. Deng, X. M. Wang, Y. Miao and J. N. Wang.
   XIAP associated factor 1 (XAF1) represses expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis
   protein (XIAP) and regulates invasion, cell cycle, apoptosis, and cisplatin sensitivity
   of ovarian carcinoma cells.

   Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015;16(6): 2453-8.
224.Z. Ke, J. Liu, P. Xu, A. Gao, L. Wang and L. Ji.
   The Cardioprotective Effect of Icariin on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Isolated Rat
   Heart: Potential Involvement of the PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathway.

   Cardiovasc Ther. 2015 Jun;33(3): 134-40.
225.J. Song, J. Li, F. Hou, X. Wang and B. Liu.
   Mangiferin inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated thioredoxin-interacting
   protein/NLRP3 inflammasome activation with regulation of AMPK in endothelial cells.

   Metabolism. 2015 Mar;64(3) issues: 428-37.
226.L. H. Jiang, X. L. Yuan, N. Y. Yang, L. Ren, F. M. Zhao, B. X. Luo, Y. Y. Bian, J. Y.
   Xu, D. X. Lu, Y. Y. Zheng, C. J. Zhang, Y. M. Diao, B. M. Xia and G. Chen.
   Daucosterol protects neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-mediated
   injury by activating IGF1 signaling pathway.

   J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2015 Aug;152: 45-52.
227.J. Luo, N. Wu, B. Jiang, L. Wang, S. Wang, X. Li, B. Wang, C. Wang and D. Shi.
   Marine Bromophenol Derivative 3,4-Dibromo-5-(2-bromo-3,4-dihydroxy-6-isopropoxymethyl
   benzyl)benzene-1,2-diol Protects Hepatocytes from Lipid-Induced Cell Damage and Insulin
   Resistance via PTP1B Inhibition.

   Mar Drugs. 2015;13(7): 4452-69.
228.X. Zhao, K. Wang, F. Hu, C. Qian, H. Guan, K. Feng, Y. Zhou and Z. Chen.
   MicroRNA-101 protects cardiac fibroblasts from hypoxia-induced apoptosis via inhibition
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   Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2015 Aug; 65: 155-64.
229.S. S. Yang, M. X. Zheng, H. C. Xu, X. Z. Cui, Y. Zhang, W. L. Zhao and R. Bai.
   The effect of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels on apoptosis of chick
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   Res Vet Sci. 2015 Apr; 99: 188-95.
230.X. Ou, Y. Lu, L. Liao, D. Li, L. Liu, H. Liu and H. Xu.
   Nitidine chloride induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells through a
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   Oncology reports. 2015 Mar;33(1) issues: 1264-74.
231.X. Zhang, H. Lu, Y. Wang, C. Liu, W. Zhu, S. Zheng and F. Wan.
   Taurine induces the apoptosis of breast cancer cells by regulating apoptosis-related
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   Int J Mol Med. 2015 Jan;35(1): 218-26.
232.F Bai, B Ni, M Liu, Z Feng, Q Xiong, G Shao.
   Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae-derived lipid-associated membrane proteins induce inflammation
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   eterinary microbiology, 2015 January; 175(1):Pages 58–67.
233.L. Xue, J. Li, Y. Li, C. Chu, G. Xie, J. Qin, M. Yang, D. Zhuang, L. Cui, H. Zhang and
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   N-acetylcysteine protects Chinese Hamster ovary cells from oxidative injury and
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   Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8(4): 4911-21.
234.Y. Yang, H. Meng, Q. Peng, X. Yang, R. Gan, L. Zhao, Z. Chen, J. Lu and Q. H. Meng.
   Downregulation of microRNA-21 expression restrains non-small cell lung cancer cell
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   Cancer Gene Ther. 2015 Jan;22(1): 23-9.
235.Y Qi, S Li, F Piao, Z Wang, R Chen, S Liu.
   2, 5-Hexanedione induces apoptosis via a mitochondria-mediated pathway in PC12 cells.
   Molecular & Cellular Toxicology. March 2015; 11(1), pp 79-87.
236. Z. Li, D. Meng, G. Li, J. Xu, K. Tian and Y. Li.
   Celecoxib Combined with Diacerein Effectively Alleviates Osteoarthritis in Rats via
   Regulating JNK and p38MAPK Signaling Pathways.

   Inflammation. 2015 date;38s issues: 1563-72.
237.Z. Guo, Z. Liao, L. Huang, D. Liu, D. Yin and M. He.
   Kaempferol protects cardiomyocytes against anoxia/reoxygenation injury via mitochondrial
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   Eur J Pharmacol. 2015 Jun;761: 245-253.
238.W. Li, M. Wu, L. Tang, Y. Pan, Z. Liu, C. Zeng, J. Wang, T. Wei and G. Liang.
   Novel curcumin analogue 14p protects against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury
   through Nrf2-activating anti-oxidative activity.

   Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 2015 Jan;282(2): 175-83.
239.W. Xu, Y. Xu, Y. Wei, Y. Tan, H. Zhao, W. Zhao and J. Wu.
   Self-complementary adeno-associated virus 5-mediated gene transduction of a novel CD40L
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